Drama
Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance
The term comes from a Greek word meaning "action", which is
derived from the verb "to do" or "to act". The
enactment of drama in theatre, performed by actors on a stage before
an audience, presupposes collaborative modes of production and a
collective form of reception.
The structure of dramatic texts, unlike
other forms of literature, is directly influenced by this
collaborative production and collective reception.The early modern
tragedy Hamlet (1601) by Shakespeare and the classical
Athenian tragedy Oedipus the King (c. 429 BCE) by Sophocles
are among the masterpieces of the art of drama.A modern example is
Long Day's Journey into Night by Eugene O'Neill (1956).
Considered as a genre of poetry in general, the dramatic mode has
been contrasted with the epic and the lyrical modes ever since
Aristotle's Poetics (c. 335 BCE)—the earliest work of
dramatic theory.The use of "drama" in the narrow sense to
designate a specific type of play dates from the 19th century.
Drama in this sense refers to a play that is neither a comedy
nor a tragedy—for example, Zola's Thérèse Raquin (1873) or
Chekhov's Ivanov (1887). In Ancient Greece however, the word
drama encompassed all theatrical plays, tragic, comic, or
anything in between.
Drama is often combined with music and dance: the drama in opera
is generally sung throughout; musicals generally include both spoken
dialogue and songs; and some forms of drama have incidental music or
musical accompaniment underscoring the dialogue (melodrama and
Japanese Nō, for example).In certain periods of history (the ancient
Roman and modern Romantic) some dramas have been written to be read
rather than performed.In improvisation, the drama does not pre-exist
the moment of performance; performers devise a dramatic script
spontaneously before an audience.
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